Hyaluronic acid: A powerful humectant that can absorb a thousand times its own weight in water. It replenishes moisture to the skin, keeping the skin hydrated and elastic. It is widely used in various moisturizing products, such as toners, serums, facial creams, etc.

Vitamin C: It has antioxidant and whitening effects. It can inhibit the production of melanin, lighten dark spots, and brighten the skin tone. However, its stability is relatively poor. Some products will adopt special technologies to improve its stability, such as adding derivatives like magnesium ascorbyl phosphate.

Retinol (Vitamin A alcohol): It can promote the production of collagen, reduce wrinkles, and improve the texture of the skin. It is an important ingredient in anti-aging products. However, retinol is somewhat irritating. When using it, you need to build tolerance and start with products of low concentration for a trial.

Niacinamide: It can inhibit the transfer of melanin from melanocytes to keratinocytes, reducing the formation of dark spots. At the same time, it has the effects of controlling oil secretion and repairing the skin barrier, and is often used in whitening and oil-controlling products.